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input, output...

vv 13050
December 23 2023
1 0

Yes, an error or at least a warning would be better. input and output work with polynomials of any degree.

Note that when n >= p^k,  input(n) produces a polynomial (zpoly) of degree >= k.
The reduction modulo the extension polynomial is not performed.
It is however performed by the arithmetic operations in G except G:-`+`, G:-`-` 
(here G := GF(p,k)).

Trigonometry!...

vv 13050
December 22 2023
3 0

This is a nice example where the correct use of trigonometry is essential.
It seems to be too subtle for a CAS!

By solving the ode by hand one obtains  the solution:

Y:= piecewise(x < 0, -2*arctan((x+2)/x), x>0, -2*arctan((x+2)/x)+2*Pi, Pi)

It is easy to check that it satisfies the ODE for ANY real x.
Your solution, 2*Pi-2*arccos(x/(2*x^2+4*x+4)^(1/2)),  is valid only for x>-2.

Edit.
It can be shown that  Y = 2*arctan(x + 1) + Pi/2
(it is enough to compute int(diff(Y,x), x) + C).

 

Not strange...

vv 13050
December 21 2023
0 0

Everything is correct. Note that

{ sqrt(y/x), - sqrt(y/x) } = { sqrt(y) / sqrt(x), - sqrt(y) / sqrt(x) } = { sqrt(x*y) / x, - sqrt(x*y) / x} 

for any complex x,y;  (x <> 0, of course).

answer...

vv 13050
December 20 2023
1 4
 
> 

 

> 

restart;
> 

SYS := [cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(x + y) - 2*(sin(x)*sin(y) - 1)*2*(sin(x)*sin(x + y) - 1)*2*(sin(y)*sin(x + y) - 1),
       (cos(x + y) - (cos(x) + cos(y)) + 1)**2 + 2*cos(x)*cos(y)*cos(x + y)]:
> 

eval(expand~(SYS), [cos(x)=a, sin(x)=b, cos(y)=c, sin(y)=d]):
> 

sys:=[%[], a^2+b^2-1, c^2+d^2-1];

[-8*a^2*b^2*d^4-16*a*b^3*c*d^3-8*b^4*c^2*d^2+8*a^2*b*d^3+16*a*b^2*c*d^2+8*b^3*c^2*d+8*a*b^2*d^2+8*a*b*d^3+8*b^3*c*d+8*b^2*c*d^2+a^2*c^2-a*b*c*d-8*a*b*d-8*a*d^2-8*b^2*c-8*b*c*d-8*b*d+8, 3*a^2*c^2-4*a*b*c*d+b^2*d^2-2*a^2*c+2*a*b*d-2*a*c^2+2*b*c*d+a^2+4*a*c-2*b*d+c^2-2*a-2*c+1, a^2+b^2-1, c^2+d^2-1]

 (1)
> 

S:=[solve](sys, explicit):
> 

Sr:=evala(select(u -> is( Im~(eval([a,b,c,d], u))=[0,0,0,0]), S));

[{a = 0, b = 1, c = 1, d = 0}, {a = 0, b = 1, c = 0, d = 1}, {a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = -1}, {a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1}, {a = 0, b = -1, c = 1, d = 0}, {a = 1/2, b = (1/2)*3^(1/2), c = 1/2, d = (1/2)*3^(1/2)}, {a = 1/2, b = -(1/2)*3^(1/2), c = 1/2, d = -(1/2)*3^(1/2)}, {a = 0, b = -1, c = 0, d = -1}]

 (2)
> 

XY:= u -> [x=arctan(eval(b,u),eval(a,u)), y=arctan(eval(d,u),eval(c,u))]:
> 

select(u -> is(eval(x,u)+eval(y,u) >=0), XY~(Sr));

[[x = (1/2)*Pi, y = 0], [x = (1/2)*Pi, y = (1/2)*Pi], [x = 0, y = (1/2)*Pi], [x = (1/3)*Pi, y = (1/3)*Pi]]

 (3)
> 

 

 

Download sysSYS.mw

Change IC...

vv 13050
December 19 2023
3 3
 

Only if you provide another initial condition beyond the singularity.

Like in the next simple example.

 

> 

dsolve({diff(y(x),x)=y(x)^2, y(0)=1});

y(x) = -1/(x-1)

 (1)
 
> 

sol1:=dsolve({diff(y(x),x)=y(x)^2, y(0)=1}, numeric);

proc (x_rkf45) local _res, _dat, _vars, _solnproc, _xout, _ndsol, _pars, _n, _i; option `Copyright (c) 2000 by Waterloo Maple Inc. All rights reserved.`; if 1 < nargs then error "invalid input: too many arguments" end if; _EnvDSNumericSaveDigits := Digits; Digits := 15; if _EnvInFsolve = true then _xout := evalf[_EnvDSNumericSaveDigits](x_rkf45) else _xout := evalf(x_rkf45) end if; _dat := Array(1..4, {(1) = proc (_xin) local _xout, _dtbl, _dat, _vmap, _x0, _y0, _val, _dig, _n, _ne, _nd, _nv, _pars, _ini, _par, _i, _j, _k, _src; option `Copyright (c) 2002 by Waterloo Maple Inc. All rights reserved.`; table( [( "complex" ) = false ] ) _xout := _xin; _pars := []; _dtbl := array( 1 .. 4, [( 1 ) = (array( 1 .. 26, [( 1 ) = (datatype = float[8], order = C_order, storage = rectangular), ( 2 ) = (datatype = float[8], order = C_order, storage = rectangular), ( 3 ) = ([0, 0, 0, Array(1..0, 1..2, {}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 4 ) = (Array(1..63, {(1) = 1, (2) = 1, (3) = 0, (4) = 0, (5) = 0, (6) = 0, (7) = 1, (8) = 0, (9) = 0, (10) = 0, (11) = 0, (12) = 0, (13) = 0, (14) = 0, (15) = 0, (16) = 0, (17) = 0, (18) = 1, (19) = 30000, (20) = 0, (21) = 0, (22) = 1, (23) = 4, (24) = 0, (25) = 1, (26) = 15, (27) = 1, (28) = 0, (29) = 1, (30) = 3, (31) = 3, (32) = 0, (33) = 1, (34) = 0, (35) = 0, (36) = 0, (37) = 0, (38) = 0, (39) = 0, (40) = 0, (41) = 0, (42) = 0, (43) = 1, (44) = 0, (45) = 0, (46) = 0, (47) = 0, (48) = 0, (49) = 0, (50) = 50, (51) = 1, (52) = 0, (53) = 0, (54) = 0, (55) = 0, (56) = 0, (57) = 0, (58) = 0, (59) = 10000, (60) = 0, (61) = 1000, (62) = 0, (63) = 0}, datatype = integer[8])), ( 5 ) = (Array(1..28, {(1) = .0, (2) = 0.10e-5, (3) = .0, (4) = 0.500001e-14, (5) = .0, (6) = 0.5552424631425701e-1, (7) = .0, (8) = 0.10e-5, (9) = .0, (10) = .0, (11) = .0, (12) = .0, (13) = 1.0, (14) = .0, (15) = .49999999999999, (16) = .0, (17) = 1.0, (18) = 1.0, (19) = .0, (20) = .0, (21) = 1.0, (22) = 1.0, (23) = .0, (24) = .0, (25) = 0.10e-14, (26) = .0, (27) = .0, (28) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 6 ) = (Array(1..1, {(1) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 7 ) = ([Array(1..4, 1..7, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .203125, (1, 3) = .3046875, (1, 4) = .75, (1, 5) = .8125, (1, 6) = .40625, (1, 7) = .8125, (2, 1) = 0.6378173828125e-1, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .279296875, (2, 4) = .27237892150878906, (2, 5) = -0.9686851501464844e-1, (2, 6) = 0.1956939697265625e-1, (2, 7) = .5381584167480469, (3, 1) = 0.31890869140625e-1, (3, 2) = .0, (3, 3) = -.34375, (3, 4) = -.335235595703125, (3, 5) = .2296142578125, (3, 6) = .41748046875, (3, 7) = 11.480712890625, (4, 1) = 0.9710520505905151e-1, (4, 2) = .0, (4, 3) = .40350341796875, (4, 4) = 0.20297467708587646e-1, (4, 5) = -0.6054282188415527e-2, (4, 6) = -0.4770040512084961e-1, (4, 7) = .77858567237854}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..6, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (1, 6) = 1.0, (2, 1) = .25, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (2, 6) = 1.0, (3, 1) = .1875, (3, 2) = .5625, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (3, 6) = 2.0, (4, 1) = .23583984375, (4, 2) = -.87890625, (4, 3) = .890625, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (4, 6) = .2681884765625, (5, 1) = .1272735595703125, (5, 2) = -.5009765625, (5, 3) = .44921875, (5, 4) = -0.128936767578125e-1, (5, 5) = .0, (5, 6) = 0.626220703125e-1, (6, 1) = -0.927734375e-1, (6, 2) = .626220703125, (6, 3) = -.4326171875, (6, 4) = .1418304443359375, (6, 5) = -0.861053466796875e-1, (6, 6) = .3131103515625}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, {(1) = .0, (2) = .386, (3) = .21, (4) = .63, (5) = 1.0, (6) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, {(1) = .25, (2) = -.1043, (3) = .1035, (4) = -0.362e-1, (5) = .0, (6) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = 1.544, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (3, 1) = .9466785280815533, (3, 2) = .25570116989825814, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (4, 1) = 3.3148251870684886, (4, 2) = 2.896124015972123, (4, 3) = .9986419139977808, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (5, 1) = 1.2212245092262748, (5, 2) = 6.019134481287752, (5, 3) = 12.537083329320874, (5, 4) = -.687886036105895, (5, 5) = .0, (6, 1) = 1.2212245092262748, (6, 2) = 6.019134481287752, (6, 3) = 12.537083329320874, (6, 4) = -.687886036105895, (6, 5) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = -5.6688, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (3, 1) = -2.4300933568337584, (3, 2) = -.20635991570891224, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (4, 1) = -.10735290581452621, (4, 2) = -9.594562251021896, (4, 3) = -20.470286148096154, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (5, 1) = 7.496443313968615, (5, 2) = -10.246804314641219, (5, 3) = -33.99990352819906, (5, 4) = 11.708908932061595, (5, 5) = .0, (6, 1) = 8.083246795922411, (6, 2) = -7.981132988062785, (6, 3) = -31.52159432874373, (6, 4) = 16.319305431231363, (6, 5) = -6.0588182388340535}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..3, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = 10.126235083446911, (2, 2) = -7.487995877607633, (2, 3) = -34.800918615557414, (2, 4) = -7.9927717075687275, (2, 5) = 1.0251377232956207, (3, 1) = -.6762803392806898, (3, 2) = 6.087714651678606, (3, 3) = 16.43084320892463, (3, 4) = 24.767225114183653, (3, 5) = -6.5943891257167815}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 9 ) = ([Array(1..1, {(1) = .1}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..6, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (1, 6) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = 0}, datatype = integer[8]), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..2, {(1) = .0, (2) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 8 ) = ([Array(1..1, {(1) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), 0, 0]), ( 11 ) = (Array(1..6, 0..1, {(1, 1) = .0, (2, 0) = .0, (2, 1) = .0, (3, 0) = .0, (3, 1) = .0, (4, 0) = .0, (4, 1) = .0, (5, 0) = .0, (5, 1) = .0, (6, 0) = .0, (6, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 10 ) = ([proc (N, X, Y, YP) option `[Y[1] = y(x)]`; YP[1] := Y[1]^2; 0 end proc, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), ( 13 ) = (), ( 12 ) = (), ( 15 ) = ("rkf45"), ( 14 ) = ([0, 0]), ( 18 ) = ([]), ( 19 ) = (0), ( 16 ) = ([0, 0, 0, []]), ( 17 ) = ([proc (N, X, Y, YP) option `[Y[1] = y(x)]`; YP[1] := Y[1]^2; 0 end proc, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), ( 22 ) = (0), ( 23 ) = (0), ( 20 ) = ([]), ( 21 ) = (0), ( 26 ) = (Array(1..0, {})), ( 25 ) = (Array(1..0, {})), ( 24 ) = (0) ] )) ] ); _y0 := Array(0..1, {(1) = 0.}); _vmap := array( 1 .. 1, [( 1 ) = (1) ] ); _x0 := _dtbl[1][5][5]; _n := _dtbl[1][4][1]; _ne := _dtbl[1][4][3]; _nd := _dtbl[1][4][4]; _nv := _dtbl[1][4][16]; if not type(_xout, 'numeric') then if member(_xout, ["start", "left", "right"]) then if _Env_smart_dsolve_numeric = true or _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _xout = "left" then if type(_dtbl[2], 'table') then return _dtbl[2][5][1] end if elif _xout = "right" then if type(_dtbl[3], 'table') then return _dtbl[3][5][1] end if end if end if; return _dtbl[1][5][5] elif _xout = "method" then return _dtbl[1][15] elif _xout = "storage" then return evalb(_dtbl[1][4][10] = 1) elif _xout = "leftdata" then if not type(_dtbl[2], 'array') then return NULL else return eval(_dtbl[2]) end if elif _xout = "rightdata" then if not type(_dtbl[3], 'array') then return NULL else return eval(_dtbl[3]) end if elif _xout = "enginedata" then return eval(_dtbl[1]) elif _xout = "enginereset" then _dtbl[2] := evaln(_dtbl[2]); _dtbl[3] := evaln(_dtbl[3]); return NULL elif _xout = "initial" then return procname(_y0[0]) elif _xout = "laxtol" then return _dtbl[`if`(member(_dtbl[4], {2, 3}), _dtbl[4], 1)][5][18] elif _xout = "numfun" then return `if`(member(_dtbl[4], {2, 3}), _dtbl[_dtbl[4]][4][18], 0) elif _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "initial_and_parameters" then return procname(_y0[0]), [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "last" then if _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 or _x0-_dtbl[_dtbl[4]][5][1] = 0. then error "no information is available on last computed point" else _xout := _dtbl[_dtbl[4]][5][1] end if elif _xout = "function" then if _dtbl[1][4][33]-2. = 0 then return eval(_dtbl[1][10], 1) else return eval(_dtbl[1][10][1], 1) end if elif _xout = "map" then return copy(_vmap) elif type(_xin, `=`) and type(rhs(_xin), 'list') and member(lhs(_xin), {"initial", "parameters", "initial_and_parameters"}) then _ini, _par := [], []; if lhs(_xin) = "initial" then _ini := rhs(_xin) elif lhs(_xin) = "parameters" then _par := rhs(_xin) elif select(type, rhs(_xin), `=`) <> [] then _par, _ini := selectremove(type, rhs(_xin), `=`) elif nops(rhs(_xin)) < nops(_pars)+1 then error "insufficient data for specification of initial and parameters" else _par := rhs(_xin)[-nops(_pars) .. -1]; _ini := rhs(_xin)[1 .. -nops(_pars)-1] end if; _xout := lhs(_xout); if _par <> [] then `dsolve/numeric/process_parameters`(_n, _pars, _par, _y0) end if; if _ini <> [] then `dsolve/numeric/process_initial`(_n-_ne, _ini, _y0, _pars, _vmap) end if; `dsolve/numeric/SC/reinitialize`(_dtbl, _y0, _n, procname, _pars); if _Env_smart_dsolve_numeric = true and type(_y0[0], 'numeric') and _dtbl[1][4][10] <> 1 then procname("right") := _y0[0]; procname("left") := _y0[0] end if; if _xout = "initial" then return [_y0[0], seq(_y0[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] elif _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [_y0[0], seq(_y0[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)], [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] end if elif _xin = "eventstop" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; if _i <> 2 and _i <> 3 then return 0 end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][10] = 1 and assigned(_dtbl[5-_i]) and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 and 100 <= _dtbl[5-_i][4][9] then _i := 5-_i; _dtbl[4] := _i; _j := round(_dtbl[_i][4][17]); return round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]) elif 100 <= _dtbl[_i][4][9] then _j := round(_dtbl[_i][4][17]); return round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]) else return 0 end if elif _xin = "eventstatus" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := [selectremove(proc (a) options operator, arrow; _dtbl[1][3][1][a, 7] = 1 end proc, {seq(_j, _j = 1 .. round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]))})]; return ':-enabled' = _i[1], ':-disabled' = _i[2] elif _xin = "eventclear" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; if _i <> 2 and _i <> 3 then error "no events to clear" end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][10] = 1 and assigned(_dtbl[5-_i]) and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 and 100 < _dtbl[5-_i][4][9] then _dtbl[4] := 5-_i; _i := 5-_i end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 then error "no events to clear" elif _nv < _dtbl[_i][4][9]-100 then error "event error condition cannot be cleared" else _j := _dtbl[_i][4][9]-100; if irem(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2) = 1 then error "retriggerable events cannot be cleared" end if; _j := round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]); for _k to _nv do if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 1] = _j then if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 2] = 3 then error "range events cannot be cleared" end if; _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][1][_nv+1, 8] end if end do; _dtbl[_i][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[_i][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _i = 2 then try procname(procname("left")) catch: end try else try procname(procname("right")) catch: end try end if end if end if; return elif type(_xin, `=`) and member(lhs(_xin), {"eventdisable", "eventenable"}) then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; if type(rhs(_xin), {('list')('posint'), ('set')('posint')}) then _i := {op(rhs(_xin))} elif type(rhs(_xin), 'posint') then _i := {rhs(_xin)} else error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; if select(proc (a) options operator, arrow; _nv < a end proc, _i) <> {} then error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; _k := {}; for _j to _nv do if member(round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_j, 1]), _i) then _k := `union`(_k, {_j}) end if end do; _i := _k; if lhs(_xin) = "eventdisable" then _dtbl[4] := 0; _j := [evalb(assigned(_dtbl[2]) and member(_dtbl[2][4][17], _i)), evalb(assigned(_dtbl[3]) and member(_dtbl[3][4][17], _i))]; for _k in _i do _dtbl[1][3][1][_k, 7] := 0; if assigned(_dtbl[2]) then _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 7] := 0 end if; if assigned(_dtbl[3]) then _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 7] := 0 end if end do; if _j[1] then for _k to _nv+1 do if _k <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1]); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1] elif _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[2][5][24]); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[2][5][24] elif _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-1); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0-1 end if end do; _dtbl[2][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[2][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then procname(procname("left")) end if end if; if _j[2] then for _k to _nv+1 do if _k <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2]); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2] elif _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[3][5][24]); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[3][5][24] elif _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0+1); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0+1 end if end do; _dtbl[3][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[3][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then procname(procname("right")) end if end if else for _k in _i do _dtbl[1][3][1][_k, 7] := 1 end do; _dtbl[2] := evaln(_dtbl[2]); _dtbl[3] := evaln(_dtbl[3]); _dtbl[4] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _x0 <= procname("right") then try procname(procname("right")) catch: end try end if; if procname("left") <= _x0 then try procname(procname("left")) catch: end try end if end if end if; return elif type(_xin, `=`) and lhs(_xin) = "eventfired" then if not type(rhs(_xin), 'list') then error "'eventfired' must be specified as a list" end if; if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; if _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 then error "'direction' must be set prior to calling/setting 'eventfired'" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; _val := NULL; if not assigned(_EnvEventRetriggerWarned) then _EnvEventRetriggerWarned := false end if; for _k in rhs(_xin) do if type(_k, 'integer') then _src := _k elif type(_k, 'integer' = 'anything') and type(evalf(rhs(_k)), 'numeric') then _k := lhs(_k) = evalf[max(Digits, 18)](rhs(_k)); _src := lhs(_k) else error "'eventfired' entry is not valid: %1", _k end if; if _src < 1 or round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) < _src then error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; _src := {seq(`if`(_dtbl[1][3][1][_j, 1]-_src = 0., _j, NULL), _j = 1 .. _nv)}; if nops(_src) <> 1 then error "'eventfired' can only be set/queried for root-finding events and time/interval events" end if; _src := _src[1]; if _dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 2] <> 0. and _dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 2]-2. <> 0. then error "'eventfired' can only be set/queried for root-finding events and time/interval events" elif irem(round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 4]), 2) = 1 then if _EnvEventRetriggerWarned = false then WARNING(`'eventfired' has no effect on events that retrigger`) end if; _EnvEventRetriggerWarned := true end if; if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then _val := _val, undefined elif type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1], 'undefined') or _i = 2 and _dtbl[2][3][1][_src, 8] < _dtbl[2][3][4][_src, 1] or _i = 3 and _dtbl[3][3][4][_src, 2] < _dtbl[3][3][1][_src, 8] then _val := _val, _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 8] else _val := _val, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1] end if; if type(_k, `=`) then if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then error "cannot set event code for a rate hysteresis event" end if; userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `manual set event code `, _src, ` to value `, rhs(_k)); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 8] := rhs(_k); _dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1] := rhs(_k) end if end do; return [_val] elif type(_xin, `=`) and lhs(_xin) = "direction" then if not member(rhs(_xin), {-1, 1, ':-left', ':-right'}) then error "'direction' must be specified as either '1' or 'right' (positive) or '-1' or 'left' (negative)" end if; _src := `if`(_dtbl[4] = 2, -1, `if`(_dtbl[4] = 3, 1, undefined)); _i := `if`(member(rhs(_xin), {1, ':-right'}), 3, 2); _dtbl[4] := _i; _dtbl[_i] := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPdcopy`(_dtbl[1], `if`(assigned(_dtbl[_i]), _dtbl[_i], NULL)); if 0 < _nv then for _j to _nv+1 do if _j <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[_i][5][24]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][5][24] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-2*_i+5.0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0-2*_i+5.0 end if end do end if; return _src elif _xin = "eventcount" then if _dtbl[1][3][1] = 0 or _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 then return 0 else return round(_dtbl[_dtbl[4]][3][1][_nv+1, 12]) end if else return "procname" end if end if; if _xout = _x0 then return [_x0, seq(evalf(_dtbl[1][6][_vmap[_i]]), _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] end if; _i := `if`(_x0 <= _xout, 3, 2); if _xin = "last" and 0 < _dtbl[_i][4][9] and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 then _dat := eval(_dtbl[_i], 2); _j := _dat[4][20]; return [_dat[11][_j, 0], seq(_dat[11][_j, _vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne-_nd), seq(_dat[8][1][_vmap[_i]], _i = _n-_ne-_nd+1 .. _n-_ne)] end if; if not type(_dtbl[_i], 'array') then _dtbl[_i] := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPdcopy`(_dtbl[1], `if`(assigned(_dtbl[_i]), _dtbl[_i], NULL)); if 0 < _nv then for _j to _nv+1 do if _j <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[_i][5][24]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][5][24] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-2*_i+5.0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0-2*_i+5.0 end if end do end if end if; if _xin <> "last" then if 0 < 0 then if `dsolve/numeric/checkglobals`(op(_dtbl[1][14]), _pars, _n, _y0) then `dsolve/numeric/SC/reinitialize`(_dtbl, _y0, _n, procname, _pars, _i) end if end if; if _dtbl[1][4][7] = 0 then error "parameters must be initialized before solution can be computed" end if end if; _dat := eval(_dtbl[_i], 2); _dtbl[4] := _i; try _src := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPrun`(_dat, _xout) catch: userinfo(2, `dsolve/debug`, print(`Exception in solnproc:`, [lastexception][2 .. -1])); error end try; if _dat[17] <> _dtbl[1][17] then _dtbl[1][17] := _dat[17]; _dtbl[1][10] := _dat[10] end if; if _src = 0 and 100 < _dat[4][9] then _val := _dat[3][1][_nv+1, 8] else _val := _dat[11][_dat[4][20], 0] end if; if _src <> 0 or _dat[4][9] <= 0 then _dtbl[1][5][1] := _xout else _dtbl[1][5][1] := _val end if; if _i = 3 and _val < _xout then Rounding := -infinity; if _dat[4][9] = 1 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, probably a singularity", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 2 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, maxfun limit exceeded (see ?dsolve,maxfun for details)", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 3 then if _dat[4][25] = 3 then error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be initially singular or improperly set up" else error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be complex, initially singular or improperly set up" end if elif _dat[4][9] = 4 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, accuracy goal cannot be achieved with specified 'minstep'", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 5 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, too many step failures, tolerances may be too loose for problem", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 6 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, cannot downgrade delay storage for problems with delay derivative order > 1, try increasing delaypts", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 10 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, interrupt requested", evalf[8](_val) elif 100 < _dat[4][9] then if _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+1 then error "constraint projection failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+2 then error "index-1 and derivative evaluation failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+3 then error "maximum number of event iterations reached (%1) at t=%2", round(_dat[3][1][_nv+1, 3]), evalf[8](_val) else if _Env_dsolve_nowarnstop <> true then `dsolve/numeric/warning`(StringTools:-FormatMessage("cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, event #%2 triggered a halt", evalf[8](_val), round(_dat[3][1][_dat[4][9]-100, 1]))) end if; Rounding := 'nearest'; _xout := _val end if else error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1", evalf[8](_val) end if elif _i = 2 and _xout < _val then Rounding := infinity; if _dat[4][9] = 1 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, probably a singularity", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 2 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, maxfun limit exceeded (see ?dsolve,maxfun for details)", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 3 then if _dat[4][25] = 3 then error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be initially singular or improperly set up" else error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be complex, initially singular or improperly set up" end if elif _dat[4][9] = 4 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, accuracy goal cannot be achieved with specified 'minstep'", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 5 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, too many step failures, tolerances may be too loose for problem", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 6 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, cannot downgrade delay storage for problems with delay derivative order > 1, try increasing delaypts", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 10 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, interrupt requested", evalf[8](_val) elif 100 < _dat[4][9] then if _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+1 then error "constraint projection failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+2 then error "index-1 and derivative evaluation failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+3 then error "maximum number of event iterations reached (%1) at t=%2", round(_dat[3][1][_nv+1, 3]), evalf[8](_val) else if _Env_dsolve_nowarnstop <> true then `dsolve/numeric/warning`(StringTools:-FormatMessage("cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, event #%2 triggered a halt", evalf[8](_val), round(_dat[3][1][_dat[4][9]-100, 1]))) end if; Rounding := 'nearest'; _xout := _val end if else error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1", evalf[8](_val) end if end if; if _EnvInFsolve = true then _dig := _dat[4][26]; if type(_EnvDSNumericSaveDigits, 'posint') then _dat[4][26] := _EnvDSNumericSaveDigits else _dat[4][26] := Digits end if; _Env_dsolve_SC_native := true; if _dat[4][25] = 1 then _i := 1; _dat[4][25] := 2 else _i := _dat[4][25] end if; _val := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPval`(_dat, _xout, _src); _dat[4][25] := _i; _dat[4][26] := _dig; [_xout, seq(_val[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] else Digits := _dat[4][26]; _val := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPval`(eval(_dat, 2), _xout, _src); [_xout, seq(_val[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] end if end proc, (2) = Array(0..0, {}), (3) = [x, y(x)], (4) = []}); _vars := _dat[3]; _pars := map(rhs, _dat[4]); _n := nops(_vars)-1; _solnproc := _dat[1]; if not type(_xout, 'numeric') then if member(x_rkf45, ["start", 'start', "method", 'method', "left", 'left', "right", 'right', "leftdata", "rightdata", "enginedata", "eventstop", 'eventstop', "eventclear", 'eventclear', "eventstatus", 'eventstatus', "eventcount", 'eventcount', "laxtol", 'laxtol', "numfun", 'numfun', NULL]) then _res := _solnproc(convert(x_rkf45, 'string')); if 1 < nops([_res]) then return _res elif type(_res, 'array') then return eval(_res, 1) elif _res <> "procname" then return _res end if elif member(x_rkf45, ["last", 'last', "initial", 'initial', "parameters", 'parameters', "initial_and_parameters", 'initial_and_parameters', NULL]) then _xout := convert(x_rkf45, 'string'); _res := _solnproc(_xout); if _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_pars[_i] = _res[_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "initial_and_parameters" then return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = [_res][1][_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n), seq(_pars[_i] = [_res][2][_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] end if elif type(_xout, `=`) and member(lhs(_xout), ["initial", 'initial', "parameters", 'parameters', "initial_and_parameters", 'initial_and_parameters', NULL]) then _xout := convert(lhs(x_rkf45), 'string') = rhs(x_rkf45); if type(rhs(_xout), 'list') then _res := _solnproc(_xout) else error "initial and/or parameter values must be specified in a list" end if; if lhs(_xout) = "initial" then return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] elif lhs(_xout) = "parameters" then return [seq(_pars[_i] = _res[_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = [_res][1][_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n), seq(_pars[_i] = [_res][2][_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] end if elif type(_xout, `=`) and member(lhs(_xout), ["eventdisable", 'eventdisable', "eventenable", 'eventenable', "eventfired", 'eventfired', "direction", 'direction', NULL]) then return _solnproc(convert(lhs(x_rkf45), 'string') = rhs(x_rkf45)) elif _xout = "solnprocedure" then return eval(_solnproc) elif _xout = "sysvars" then return _vars end if; if procname <> unknown then return ('procname')(x_rkf45) else _ndsol := 1; _ndsol := _ndsol; _ndsol := pointto(_dat[2][0]); return ('_ndsol')(x_rkf45) end if end if; try _res := _solnproc(_xout); [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] catch: error end try end proc

 (2)
> 

plots:-odeplot(sol1, [x, y(x)], x= 0..3);

Warning, cannot evaluate the solution further right of .99999999, probably a singularity

  

 
> 

sol2:=dsolve({diff(y(x),x)=y(x)^2, y(2)=-1}, numeric);
# Choose an IC at x=2 (after the previous singularity at 1)

proc (x_rkf45) local _res, _dat, _vars, _solnproc, _xout, _ndsol, _pars, _n, _i; option `Copyright (c) 2000 by Waterloo Maple Inc. All rights reserved.`; if 1 < nargs then error "invalid input: too many arguments" end if; _EnvDSNumericSaveDigits := Digits; Digits := 15; if _EnvInFsolve = true then _xout := evalf[_EnvDSNumericSaveDigits](x_rkf45) else _xout := evalf(x_rkf45) end if; _dat := Array(1..4, {(1) = proc (_xin) local _xout, _dtbl, _dat, _vmap, _x0, _y0, _val, _dig, _n, _ne, _nd, _nv, _pars, _ini, _par, _i, _j, _k, _src; option `Copyright (c) 2002 by Waterloo Maple Inc. All rights reserved.`; table( [( "complex" ) = false ] ) _xout := _xin; _pars := []; _dtbl := array( 1 .. 4, [( 1 ) = (array( 1 .. 26, [( 1 ) = (datatype = float[8], order = C_order, storage = rectangular), ( 2 ) = (datatype = float[8], order = C_order, storage = rectangular), ( 3 ) = ([0, 0, 0, Array(1..0, 1..2, {}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 4 ) = (Array(1..63, {(1) = 1, (2) = 1, (3) = 0, (4) = 0, (5) = 0, (6) = 0, (7) = 1, (8) = 0, (9) = 0, (10) = 0, (11) = 0, (12) = 0, (13) = 0, (14) = 0, (15) = 0, (16) = 0, (17) = 0, (18) = 1, (19) = 30000, (20) = 0, (21) = 0, (22) = 1, (23) = 4, (24) = 0, (25) = 1, (26) = 15, (27) = 1, (28) = 0, (29) = 1, (30) = 3, (31) = 3, (32) = 0, (33) = 1, (34) = 0, (35) = 0, (36) = 0, (37) = 0, (38) = 0, (39) = 0, (40) = 0, (41) = 0, (42) = 0, (43) = 1, (44) = 0, (45) = 0, (46) = 0, (47) = 0, (48) = 0, (49) = 0, (50) = 50, (51) = 1, (52) = 0, (53) = 0, (54) = 0, (55) = 0, (56) = 0, (57) = 0, (58) = 0, (59) = 10000, (60) = 0, (61) = 1000, (62) = 0, (63) = 0}, datatype = integer[8])), ( 5 ) = (Array(1..28, {(1) = 2.0, (2) = 0.10e-5, (3) = .0, (4) = 0.500001e-14, (5) = 2.0, (6) = 0.5552424631425701e-1, (7) = .0, (8) = 0.10e-5, (9) = .0, (10) = .0, (11) = .0, (12) = .0, (13) = 1.0, (14) = .0, (15) = .49999999999999, (16) = .0, (17) = 1.0, (18) = 1.0, (19) = .0, (20) = .0, (21) = 1.0, (22) = 1.0, (23) = .0, (24) = .0, (25) = 0.10e-14, (26) = .0, (27) = .0, (28) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 6 ) = (Array(1..1, {(1) = -1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 7 ) = ([Array(1..4, 1..7, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .203125, (1, 3) = .3046875, (1, 4) = .75, (1, 5) = .8125, (1, 6) = .40625, (1, 7) = .8125, (2, 1) = 0.6378173828125e-1, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .279296875, (2, 4) = .27237892150878906, (2, 5) = -0.9686851501464844e-1, (2, 6) = 0.1956939697265625e-1, (2, 7) = .5381584167480469, (3, 1) = 0.31890869140625e-1, (3, 2) = .0, (3, 3) = -.34375, (3, 4) = -.335235595703125, (3, 5) = .2296142578125, (3, 6) = .41748046875, (3, 7) = 11.480712890625, (4, 1) = 0.9710520505905151e-1, (4, 2) = .0, (4, 3) = .40350341796875, (4, 4) = 0.20297467708587646e-1, (4, 5) = -0.6054282188415527e-2, (4, 6) = -0.4770040512084961e-1, (4, 7) = .77858567237854}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..6, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (1, 6) = 1.0, (2, 1) = .25, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (2, 6) = 1.0, (3, 1) = .1875, (3, 2) = .5625, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (3, 6) = 2.0, (4, 1) = .23583984375, (4, 2) = -.87890625, (4, 3) = .890625, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (4, 6) = .2681884765625, (5, 1) = .1272735595703125, (5, 2) = -.5009765625, (5, 3) = .44921875, (5, 4) = -0.128936767578125e-1, (5, 5) = .0, (5, 6) = 0.626220703125e-1, (6, 1) = -0.927734375e-1, (6, 2) = .626220703125, (6, 3) = -.4326171875, (6, 4) = .1418304443359375, (6, 5) = -0.861053466796875e-1, (6, 6) = .3131103515625}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, {(1) = .0, (2) = .386, (3) = .21, (4) = .63, (5) = 1.0, (6) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, {(1) = .25, (2) = -.1043, (3) = .1035, (4) = -0.362e-1, (5) = .0, (6) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = 1.544, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (3, 1) = .9466785280815533, (3, 2) = .25570116989825814, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (4, 1) = 3.3148251870684886, (4, 2) = 2.896124015972123, (4, 3) = .9986419139977808, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (5, 1) = 1.2212245092262748, (5, 2) = 6.019134481287752, (5, 3) = 12.537083329320874, (5, 4) = -.687886036105895, (5, 5) = .0, (6, 1) = 1.2212245092262748, (6, 2) = 6.019134481287752, (6, 3) = 12.537083329320874, (6, 4) = -.687886036105895, (6, 5) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..6, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = -5.6688, (2, 2) = .0, (2, 3) = .0, (2, 4) = .0, (2, 5) = .0, (3, 1) = -2.4300933568337584, (3, 2) = -.20635991570891224, (3, 3) = .0, (3, 4) = .0, (3, 5) = .0, (4, 1) = -.10735290581452621, (4, 2) = -9.594562251021896, (4, 3) = -20.470286148096154, (4, 4) = .0, (4, 5) = .0, (5, 1) = 7.496443313968615, (5, 2) = -10.246804314641219, (5, 3) = -33.99990352819906, (5, 4) = 11.708908932061595, (5, 5) = .0, (6, 1) = 8.083246795922411, (6, 2) = -7.981132988062785, (6, 3) = -31.52159432874373, (6, 4) = 16.319305431231363, (6, 5) = -6.0588182388340535}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..3, 1..5, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (2, 1) = 10.126235083446911, (2, 2) = -7.487995877607633, (2, 3) = -34.800918615557414, (2, 4) = -7.9927717075687275, (2, 5) = 1.0251377232956207, (3, 1) = -.6762803392806898, (3, 2) = 6.087714651678606, (3, 3) = 16.43084320892463, (3, 4) = 24.767225114183653, (3, 5) = -6.5943891257167815}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 9 ) = ([Array(1..1, {(1) = .1}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..1, {(1, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, 1..6, {(1, 1) = .0, (1, 2) = .0, (1, 3) = .0, (1, 4) = .0, (1, 5) = .0, (1, 6) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = 0}, datatype = integer[8]), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..2, {(1) = .0, (2) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)]), ( 8 ) = ([Array(1..1, {(1) = -1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), Array(1..1, {(1) = 1.0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order), 0, 0]), ( 11 ) = (Array(1..6, 0..1, {(1, 1) = .0, (2, 0) = .0, (2, 1) = .0, (3, 0) = .0, (3, 1) = .0, (4, 0) = .0, (4, 1) = .0, (5, 0) = .0, (5, 1) = .0, (6, 0) = .0, (6, 1) = .0}, datatype = float[8], order = C_order)), ( 10 ) = ([proc (N, X, Y, YP) option `[Y[1] = y(x)]`; YP[1] := Y[1]^2; 0 end proc, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), ( 13 ) = (), ( 12 ) = (), ( 15 ) = ("rkf45"), ( 14 ) = ([0, 0]), ( 18 ) = ([]), ( 19 ) = (0), ( 16 ) = ([0, 0, 0, []]), ( 17 ) = ([proc (N, X, Y, YP) option `[Y[1] = y(x)]`; YP[1] := Y[1]^2; 0 end proc, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]), ( 22 ) = (0), ( 23 ) = (0), ( 20 ) = ([]), ( 21 ) = (0), ( 26 ) = (Array(1..0, {})), ( 25 ) = (Array(1..0, {})), ( 24 ) = (0) ] )) ] ); _y0 := Array(0..1, {(1) = 2.}); _vmap := array( 1 .. 1, [( 1 ) = (1) ] ); _x0 := _dtbl[1][5][5]; _n := _dtbl[1][4][1]; _ne := _dtbl[1][4][3]; _nd := _dtbl[1][4][4]; _nv := _dtbl[1][4][16]; if not type(_xout, 'numeric') then if member(_xout, ["start", "left", "right"]) then if _Env_smart_dsolve_numeric = true or _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _xout = "left" then if type(_dtbl[2], 'table') then return _dtbl[2][5][1] end if elif _xout = "right" then if type(_dtbl[3], 'table') then return _dtbl[3][5][1] end if end if end if; return _dtbl[1][5][5] elif _xout = "method" then return _dtbl[1][15] elif _xout = "storage" then return evalb(_dtbl[1][4][10] = 1) elif _xout = "leftdata" then if not type(_dtbl[2], 'array') then return NULL else return eval(_dtbl[2]) end if elif _xout = "rightdata" then if not type(_dtbl[3], 'array') then return NULL else return eval(_dtbl[3]) end if elif _xout = "enginedata" then return eval(_dtbl[1]) elif _xout = "enginereset" then _dtbl[2] := evaln(_dtbl[2]); _dtbl[3] := evaln(_dtbl[3]); return NULL elif _xout = "initial" then return procname(_y0[0]) elif _xout = "laxtol" then return _dtbl[`if`(member(_dtbl[4], {2, 3}), _dtbl[4], 1)][5][18] elif _xout = "numfun" then return `if`(member(_dtbl[4], {2, 3}), _dtbl[_dtbl[4]][4][18], 0) elif _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "initial_and_parameters" then return procname(_y0[0]), [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "last" then if _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 or _x0-_dtbl[_dtbl[4]][5][1] = 0. then error "no information is available on last computed point" else _xout := _dtbl[_dtbl[4]][5][1] end if elif _xout = "function" then if _dtbl[1][4][33]-2. = 0 then return eval(_dtbl[1][10], 1) else return eval(_dtbl[1][10][1], 1) end if elif _xout = "map" then return copy(_vmap) elif type(_xin, `=`) and type(rhs(_xin), 'list') and member(lhs(_xin), {"initial", "parameters", "initial_and_parameters"}) then _ini, _par := [], []; if lhs(_xin) = "initial" then _ini := rhs(_xin) elif lhs(_xin) = "parameters" then _par := rhs(_xin) elif select(type, rhs(_xin), `=`) <> [] then _par, _ini := selectremove(type, rhs(_xin), `=`) elif nops(rhs(_xin)) < nops(_pars)+1 then error "insufficient data for specification of initial and parameters" else _par := rhs(_xin)[-nops(_pars) .. -1]; _ini := rhs(_xin)[1 .. -nops(_pars)-1] end if; _xout := lhs(_xout); if _par <> [] then `dsolve/numeric/process_parameters`(_n, _pars, _par, _y0) end if; if _ini <> [] then `dsolve/numeric/process_initial`(_n-_ne, _ini, _y0, _pars, _vmap) end if; `dsolve/numeric/SC/reinitialize`(_dtbl, _y0, _n, procname, _pars); if _Env_smart_dsolve_numeric = true and type(_y0[0], 'numeric') and _dtbl[1][4][10] <> 1 then procname("right") := _y0[0]; procname("left") := _y0[0] end if; if _xout = "initial" then return [_y0[0], seq(_y0[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] elif _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [_y0[0], seq(_y0[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)], [seq(_y0[_n+_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] end if elif _xin = "eventstop" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; if _i <> 2 and _i <> 3 then return 0 end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][10] = 1 and assigned(_dtbl[5-_i]) and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 and 100 <= _dtbl[5-_i][4][9] then _i := 5-_i; _dtbl[4] := _i; _j := round(_dtbl[_i][4][17]); return round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]) elif 100 <= _dtbl[_i][4][9] then _j := round(_dtbl[_i][4][17]); return round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]) else return 0 end if elif _xin = "eventstatus" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := [selectremove(proc (a) options operator, arrow; _dtbl[1][3][1][a, 7] = 1 end proc, {seq(_j, _j = 1 .. round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]))})]; return ':-enabled' = _i[1], ':-disabled' = _i[2] elif _xin = "eventclear" then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; if _i <> 2 and _i <> 3 then error "no events to clear" end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][10] = 1 and assigned(_dtbl[5-_i]) and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 and 100 < _dtbl[5-_i][4][9] then _dtbl[4] := 5-_i; _i := 5-_i end if; if _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 then error "no events to clear" elif _nv < _dtbl[_i][4][9]-100 then error "event error condition cannot be cleared" else _j := _dtbl[_i][4][9]-100; if irem(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2) = 1 then error "retriggerable events cannot be cleared" end if; _j := round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 1]); for _k to _nv do if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 1] = _j then if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 2] = 3 then error "range events cannot be cleared" end if; _dtbl[_i][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][1][_nv+1, 8] end if end do; _dtbl[_i][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[_i][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _i = 2 then try procname(procname("left")) catch: end try else try procname(procname("right")) catch: end try end if end if end if; return elif type(_xin, `=`) and member(lhs(_xin), {"eventdisable", "eventenable"}) then if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; if type(rhs(_xin), {('list')('posint'), ('set')('posint')}) then _i := {op(rhs(_xin))} elif type(rhs(_xin), 'posint') then _i := {rhs(_xin)} else error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; if select(proc (a) options operator, arrow; _nv < a end proc, _i) <> {} then error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; _k := {}; for _j to _nv do if member(round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_j, 1]), _i) then _k := `union`(_k, {_j}) end if end do; _i := _k; if lhs(_xin) = "eventdisable" then _dtbl[4] := 0; _j := [evalb(assigned(_dtbl[2]) and member(_dtbl[2][4][17], _i)), evalb(assigned(_dtbl[3]) and member(_dtbl[3][4][17], _i))]; for _k in _i do _dtbl[1][3][1][_k, 7] := 0; if assigned(_dtbl[2]) then _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 7] := 0 end if; if assigned(_dtbl[3]) then _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 7] := 0 end if end do; if _j[1] then for _k to _nv+1 do if _k <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1]); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[2][3][4][_k, 1] elif _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[2][5][24]); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[2][5][24] elif _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #2, event code `, _k, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-1); _dtbl[2][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0-1 end if end do; _dtbl[2][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[2][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then procname(procname("left")) end if end if; if _j[2] then for _k to _nv+1 do if _k <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2]); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[3][3][4][_k, 2] elif _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[3][5][24]); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _dtbl[3][5][24] elif _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #3, event code `, _k, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0+1); _dtbl[3][3][1][_k, 8] := _x0+1 end if end do; _dtbl[3][4][17] := 0; _dtbl[3][4][9] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then procname(procname("right")) end if end if else for _k in _i do _dtbl[1][3][1][_k, 7] := 1 end do; _dtbl[2] := evaln(_dtbl[2]); _dtbl[3] := evaln(_dtbl[3]); _dtbl[4] := 0; if _dtbl[1][4][10] = 1 then if _x0 <= procname("right") then try procname(procname("right")) catch: end try end if; if procname("left") <= _x0 then try procname(procname("left")) catch: end try end if end if end if; return elif type(_xin, `=`) and lhs(_xin) = "eventfired" then if not type(rhs(_xin), 'list') then error "'eventfired' must be specified as a list" end if; if _nv = 0 then error "this solution has no events" end if; if _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 then error "'direction' must be set prior to calling/setting 'eventfired'" end if; _i := _dtbl[4]; _val := NULL; if not assigned(_EnvEventRetriggerWarned) then _EnvEventRetriggerWarned := false end if; for _k in rhs(_xin) do if type(_k, 'integer') then _src := _k elif type(_k, 'integer' = 'anything') and type(evalf(rhs(_k)), 'numeric') then _k := lhs(_k) = evalf[max(Digits, 18)](rhs(_k)); _src := lhs(_k) else error "'eventfired' entry is not valid: %1", _k end if; if _src < 1 or round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) < _src then error "event identifiers must be integers in the range 1..%1", round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_nv+1, 1]) end if; _src := {seq(`if`(_dtbl[1][3][1][_j, 1]-_src = 0., _j, NULL), _j = 1 .. _nv)}; if nops(_src) <> 1 then error "'eventfired' can only be set/queried for root-finding events and time/interval events" end if; _src := _src[1]; if _dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 2] <> 0. and _dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 2]-2. <> 0. then error "'eventfired' can only be set/queried for root-finding events and time/interval events" elif irem(round(_dtbl[1][3][1][_src, 4]), 2) = 1 then if _EnvEventRetriggerWarned = false then WARNING(`'eventfired' has no effect on events that retrigger`) end if; _EnvEventRetriggerWarned := true end if; if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then _val := _val, undefined elif type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1], 'undefined') or _i = 2 and _dtbl[2][3][1][_src, 8] < _dtbl[2][3][4][_src, 1] or _i = 3 and _dtbl[3][3][4][_src, 2] < _dtbl[3][3][1][_src, 8] then _val := _val, _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 8] else _val := _val, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1] end if; if type(_k, `=`) then if _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then error "cannot set event code for a rate hysteresis event" end if; userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `manual set event code `, _src, ` to value `, rhs(_k)); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_src, 8] := rhs(_k); _dtbl[_i][3][4][_src, _i-1] := rhs(_k) end if end do; return [_val] elif type(_xin, `=`) and lhs(_xin) = "direction" then if not member(rhs(_xin), {-1, 1, ':-left', ':-right'}) then error "'direction' must be specified as either '1' or 'right' (positive) or '-1' or 'left' (negative)" end if; _src := `if`(_dtbl[4] = 2, -1, `if`(_dtbl[4] = 3, 1, undefined)); _i := `if`(member(rhs(_xin), {1, ':-right'}), 3, 2); _dtbl[4] := _i; _dtbl[_i] := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPdcopy`(_dtbl[1], `if`(assigned(_dtbl[_i]), _dtbl[_i], NULL)); if 0 < _nv then for _j to _nv+1 do if _j <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[_i][5][24]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][5][24] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #4, event code `, _j, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-2*_i+5.0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0-2*_i+5.0 end if end do end if; return _src elif _xin = "eventcount" then if _dtbl[1][3][1] = 0 or _dtbl[4] <> 2 and _dtbl[4] <> 3 then return 0 else return round(_dtbl[_dtbl[4]][3][1][_nv+1, 12]) end if else return "procname" end if end if; if _xout = _x0 then return [_x0, seq(evalf(_dtbl[1][6][_vmap[_i]]), _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] end if; _i := `if`(_x0 <= _xout, 3, 2); if _xin = "last" and 0 < _dtbl[_i][4][9] and _dtbl[_i][4][9] < 100 then _dat := eval(_dtbl[_i], 2); _j := _dat[4][20]; return [_dat[11][_j, 0], seq(_dat[11][_j, _vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne-_nd), seq(_dat[8][1][_vmap[_i]], _i = _n-_ne-_nd+1 .. _n-_ne)] end if; if not type(_dtbl[_i], 'array') then _dtbl[_i] := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPdcopy`(_dtbl[1], `if`(assigned(_dtbl[_i]), _dtbl[_i], NULL)); if 0 < _nv then for _j to _nv+1 do if _j <= _nv and not type(_dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1], 'undefined') then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to defined init `, _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][3][4][_j, _i-1] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 32), 2) = 1 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to rate hysteresis init `, _dtbl[_i][5][24]); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _dtbl[_i][5][24] elif _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 2] = 0 and irem(iquo(round(_dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 4]), 2), 2) = 0 then userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to initial init `, _x0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0 else userinfo(3, {'events', 'eventreset'}, `reinit #5, event code `, _j, ` to fireinitial init `, _x0-2*_i+5.0); _dtbl[_i][3][1][_j, 8] := _x0-2*_i+5.0 end if end do end if end if; if _xin <> "last" then if 0 < 0 then if `dsolve/numeric/checkglobals`(op(_dtbl[1][14]), _pars, _n, _y0) then `dsolve/numeric/SC/reinitialize`(_dtbl, _y0, _n, procname, _pars, _i) end if end if; if _dtbl[1][4][7] = 0 then error "parameters must be initialized before solution can be computed" end if end if; _dat := eval(_dtbl[_i], 2); _dtbl[4] := _i; try _src := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPrun`(_dat, _xout) catch: userinfo(2, `dsolve/debug`, print(`Exception in solnproc:`, [lastexception][2 .. -1])); error end try; if _dat[17] <> _dtbl[1][17] then _dtbl[1][17] := _dat[17]; _dtbl[1][10] := _dat[10] end if; if _src = 0 and 100 < _dat[4][9] then _val := _dat[3][1][_nv+1, 8] else _val := _dat[11][_dat[4][20], 0] end if; if _src <> 0 or _dat[4][9] <= 0 then _dtbl[1][5][1] := _xout else _dtbl[1][5][1] := _val end if; if _i = 3 and _val < _xout then Rounding := -infinity; if _dat[4][9] = 1 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, probably a singularity", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 2 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, maxfun limit exceeded (see ?dsolve,maxfun for details)", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 3 then if _dat[4][25] = 3 then error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be initially singular or improperly set up" else error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be complex, initially singular or improperly set up" end if elif _dat[4][9] = 4 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, accuracy goal cannot be achieved with specified 'minstep'", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 5 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, too many step failures, tolerances may be too loose for problem", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 6 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, cannot downgrade delay storage for problems with delay derivative order > 1, try increasing delaypts", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 10 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, interrupt requested", evalf[8](_val) elif 100 < _dat[4][9] then if _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+1 then error "constraint projection failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+2 then error "index-1 and derivative evaluation failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+3 then error "maximum number of event iterations reached (%1) at t=%2", round(_dat[3][1][_nv+1, 3]), evalf[8](_val) else if _Env_dsolve_nowarnstop <> true then `dsolve/numeric/warning`(StringTools:-FormatMessage("cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, event #%2 triggered a halt", evalf[8](_val), round(_dat[3][1][_dat[4][9]-100, 1]))) end if; Rounding := 'nearest'; _xout := _val end if else error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1", evalf[8](_val) end if elif _i = 2 and _xout < _val then Rounding := infinity; if _dat[4][9] = 1 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, probably a singularity", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 2 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, maxfun limit exceeded (see ?dsolve,maxfun for details)", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 3 then if _dat[4][25] = 3 then error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be initially singular or improperly set up" else error "cannot evaluate the solution past the initial point, problem may be complex, initially singular or improperly set up" end if elif _dat[4][9] = 4 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, accuracy goal cannot be achieved with specified 'minstep'", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 5 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, too many step failures, tolerances may be too loose for problem", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 6 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, cannot downgrade delay storage for problems with delay derivative order > 1, try increasing delaypts", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9] = 10 then error "cannot evaluate the solution further right of %1, interrupt requested", evalf[8](_val) elif 100 < _dat[4][9] then if _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+1 then error "constraint projection failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+2 then error "index-1 and derivative evaluation failure on event at t=%1", evalf[8](_val) elif _dat[4][9]-100 = _nv+3 then error "maximum number of event iterations reached (%1) at t=%2", round(_dat[3][1][_nv+1, 3]), evalf[8](_val) else if _Env_dsolve_nowarnstop <> true then `dsolve/numeric/warning`(StringTools:-FormatMessage("cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1, event #%2 triggered a halt", evalf[8](_val), round(_dat[3][1][_dat[4][9]-100, 1]))) end if; Rounding := 'nearest'; _xout := _val end if else error "cannot evaluate the solution further left of %1", evalf[8](_val) end if end if; if _EnvInFsolve = true then _dig := _dat[4][26]; if type(_EnvDSNumericSaveDigits, 'posint') then _dat[4][26] := _EnvDSNumericSaveDigits else _dat[4][26] := Digits end if; _Env_dsolve_SC_native := true; if _dat[4][25] = 1 then _i := 1; _dat[4][25] := 2 else _i := _dat[4][25] end if; _val := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPval`(_dat, _xout, _src); _dat[4][25] := _i; _dat[4][26] := _dig; [_xout, seq(_val[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] else Digits := _dat[4][26]; _val := `dsolve/numeric/SC/IVPval`(eval(_dat, 2), _xout, _src); [_xout, seq(_val[_vmap[_i]], _i = 1 .. _n-_ne)] end if end proc, (2) = Array(0..0, {}), (3) = [x, y(x)], (4) = []}); _vars := _dat[3]; _pars := map(rhs, _dat[4]); _n := nops(_vars)-1; _solnproc := _dat[1]; if not type(_xout, 'numeric') then if member(x_rkf45, ["start", 'start', "method", 'method', "left", 'left', "right", 'right', "leftdata", "rightdata", "enginedata", "eventstop", 'eventstop', "eventclear", 'eventclear', "eventstatus", 'eventstatus', "eventcount", 'eventcount', "laxtol", 'laxtol', "numfun", 'numfun', NULL]) then _res := _solnproc(convert(x_rkf45, 'string')); if 1 < nops([_res]) then return _res elif type(_res, 'array') then return eval(_res, 1) elif _res <> "procname" then return _res end if elif member(x_rkf45, ["last", 'last', "initial", 'initial', "parameters", 'parameters', "initial_and_parameters", 'initial_and_parameters', NULL]) then _xout := convert(x_rkf45, 'string'); _res := _solnproc(_xout); if _xout = "parameters" then return [seq(_pars[_i] = _res[_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] elif _xout = "initial_and_parameters" then return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = [_res][1][_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n), seq(_pars[_i] = [_res][2][_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] end if elif type(_xout, `=`) and member(lhs(_xout), ["initial", 'initial', "parameters", 'parameters', "initial_and_parameters", 'initial_and_parameters', NULL]) then _xout := convert(lhs(x_rkf45), 'string') = rhs(x_rkf45); if type(rhs(_xout), 'list') then _res := _solnproc(_xout) else error "initial and/or parameter values must be specified in a list" end if; if lhs(_xout) = "initial" then return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] elif lhs(_xout) = "parameters" then return [seq(_pars[_i] = _res[_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] else return [seq(_vars[_i+1] = [_res][1][_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n), seq(_pars[_i] = [_res][2][_i], _i = 1 .. nops(_pars))] end if elif type(_xout, `=`) and member(lhs(_xout), ["eventdisable", 'eventdisable', "eventenable", 'eventenable', "eventfired", 'eventfired', "direction", 'direction', NULL]) then return _solnproc(convert(lhs(x_rkf45), 'string') = rhs(x_rkf45)) elif _xout = "solnprocedure" then return eval(_solnproc) elif _xout = "sysvars" then return _vars end if; if procname <> unknown then return ('procname')(x_rkf45) else _ndsol := 1; _ndsol := _ndsol; _ndsol := pointto(_dat[2][0]); return ('_ndsol')(x_rkf45) end if end if; try _res := _solnproc(_xout); [seq(_vars[_i+1] = _res[_i+1], _i = 0 .. _n)] catch: error end try end proc

 (3)
> 

plots:-odeplot(sol2, [x,y(x)], x=1.1 .. 5);

 
> 

 

 

eval...

vv 13050
November 16 2023
2 0 
simplify( eval(rel(n), n=3 + 1/(2*t)) ) assuming t>0;
         # 0 = 0

 

keyword params...

vv 13050
November 11 2023
2 1

In maple there are many kinds of parameters. I don't think such a new class is really needed.
For your example, it is easy to use a keyword parameter; Eivenvectors uses for instance 
output=['vectors', 'values']  or  output=['values']  etc.

Just a bug...

vv 13050
November 05 2023
4 1

More simple,

is(w^2 = abs(w)^2);     # Maple 2023
        true

In Maple 2020 .. 2022 it is OK (i.e. false).
Same for:  is(w = conjugate(w))

export mpl...

vv 13050
November 01 2023
3 1

Export the document as Maple code (.mpl).
Then open the .mpl. In Maple 2023, it will appear in a new Code Edit window.
Edit the code, i.e. replace `&ndash;` with -

There are not other errors (see the Diagnostics tab), so you can copy & paste the code in the worksheet and execute.

P.S. I use 2D input strictly for presentation purposes (and almost never the Document mode).

degree...

vv 13050
October 25 2023
3 0

ex:=x*y*z^2*w^3:
degree(ex);
 #                              7
factors(ex)[2];
 #               [[y, 1], [z, 2], [w, 3], [x, 1]]

Procedure for an enhanced version...

vv 13050
October 01 2023
3 6 
Miny:=proc(eqs::list, m::list(posint), R:=1000)
description "minimize y, for integers  x,y  satisfying 0<x<y, eqs[1] = 0 mod m[1], ...";
local p,q,X,Y,u,k, ir, Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin;
if nops(eqs)<>nops(m) then error "Lists must have same size" fi;
if nops(indets(eqs)) <> 2 then error "Must have 2 variables" fi; 
eval( isolve({(eqs =~ m*~[seq(u[k],k=1..nops(m))])[]}), [_Z1=p,_Z2=q] ):
(X,Y):= (eval([indets(eqs)[]],%)[]);
ir:=IntegerRelations:-LLL([[coeff(X,p),coeff(Y,p)], [coeff(X,q),coeff(Y,q)]]):
(X,Y):= (ir[1,1]*p+ir[2,1]*q, ir[1,2]*p+ir[2,2]*q);
(Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin):=(infinity$4):
for p from -R to R do
for q from -R to R do
  if eval(X<1 or X >= Y) then next fi;
  if eval(Y<Ymin) then (Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin):=eval([X,Y,p,q])[] fi
od od:
['X','Y','p','q'] =~ eval([Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin]);
end proc:

eqs := [154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, 23*x+3059*y]:
m := [7^3, 13^3, 23^3]:
Miny(eqs,m);
              [X = 15893, Y = 18837, p = 0, q = 1]

eqs := [154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, 23*x+3059*y, 2295*x + 4522*y, 6479*x + 5396*y]:
m := [7^3, 13^3, 23^3, 17^3,  29^3]:
Miny(eqs,m);
        [X = 186957261, Y = 190687133, p = -12, q = -1]

Solution...

vv 13050
September 30 2023
0 13
> 

restart

Minimize   y   for integers  x,y  satisfying:
  0 < x < y,  154*x+69*y =0 mod  7^3 , 13*x+716*y =0 mod 13^3  , 23*x+3059*y =0 mod  23^3.

> 

 

> 

restart;
> 

eqs := 154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, 23*x+3059*y;
m := 7^3, 13^3, 23^3;

154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, 23*x+3059*y

  

343, 2197, 12167

 (1)

 

For an "ideal Maple" it should work:

 

 

> 

# Optimization:-Minimize(y, {1<=x, x<=y, eqs =~ m*~(u,v,w)}, assume = integer, depthlimit=100000);
> 

# But the problem it too large!
> 

#################################################################################################
> 

Eqs := 154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, x+133*y;
M := 7^3, 13^3, 23^2;

154*x+69*y, 13*x+716*y, x+133*y

  

343, 2197, 529

 (2)
> 

sys:=y =-154 * 1/69*x mod M[1] + M[1]*u,  y = -13/716*x mod M[2] + M[2]*v, y = -1/133*x mod M[3] + M[3]*w;

y = 301*x+343*u, y = 494*x+2197*v, y = 175*x+529*w

 (3)
> 

isolve(sys[1]-sys[2]);

{u = _Z1, v = 122*_Z1+193*_Z2, x = -1387*_Z1-2197*_Z2}

 (4)
> 

eval(%, [_Z1=a,_Z2=b]);

{u = a, v = 122*a+193*b, x = -1387*a-2197*b}

 (5)
> 

e1:=eliminate(%, {u,v});

[{u = a, v = 122*a+193*b}, {x+1387*a+2197*b}]

 (6)
> 

isolve(sys[1]-sys[3]);

{u = _Z1, w = 49*_Z1+126*_Z2, x = 203*_Z1+529*_Z2}

 (7)
> 

eval(%, [_Z1=c,_Z2=d]);

{u = c, w = 49*c+126*d, x = 203*c+529*d}

 (8)
> 

e2:=eliminate(%, {u,w});

[{u = c, w = 49*c+126*d}, {-x+203*c+529*d}]

 (9)
> 

ee:=e1[1] union e2[1], e1[2] union e2[2];

{u = a, u = c, v = 122*a+193*b, w = 49*c+126*d}, {-x+203*c+529*d, x+1387*a+2197*b}

 (10)
> 

EE:=eval(ee, [a=u, c=u]);

{u = u, v = 122*u+193*b, w = 49*u+126*d}, {-x+203*u+529*d, x+1387*u+2197*b}

 (11)
> 

X, X1 := solve~(EE[2],x)[];

-1387*u-2197*b, 203*u+529*d

 (12)
> 

s:=eval(isolve(X=X1),[_Z1=p,_Z2=q,_Z3=r]);

{b = p, d = -1513*p-1590*q, u = 502*p+529*q}

 (13)
> 

X0:=eval(X, s);

-698471*p-733723*q

 (14)
> 

Y0:=rhs(eval(eval(sys[1], s), x=X0));

-210067585*p-220669176*q

 (15)
> 

Optimization:-Minimize(Y0, { X0<=Y0, 1<=X0}, assume=integer, depthlimit=1000 );

[0, [p = 0, q = 0]]

 (16)

Unfortunately Minimize uses hardware integers and it results an overflow!
(This is actually a bug!)

Let's minimize the reduced X0, Y0 problem by brute force:

> 

p:='p':q:='q':
> 

(Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin):=(infinity$4):
for p from -1000 to 1000 do
for q from -1000 to 1000 do
  if X0<1 or X0 >= Y0 then next fi;
  if Y0<Ymin then (Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin):=(X0,Y0,p,q) fi
od od:
(x,y,'p','q') =~ (Xmin,Ymin,pmin,qmin);

x = 1103, y = 26390, p = 562, q = -535

 (17)
> 

 


 

Download diophant.mw

ExtremePoints for piecewise...

vv 13050
September 21 2023
1 2

 

ExtremePoints is not reliable for piecewice defined functions.

 

> 

restart;
> 

EP:=Student:-Calculus1:-ExtremePoints:
> 

piecewise(-1 <= x and x <= 2, x^2, undefined);

piecewise(-1 <= x and x <= 2, x^2, undefined)

 (1)
> 

EP(%); #OK

[-1, 0, 2]

 (2)
> 

piecewise(-1 < x and x < 2, x^2, undefined);

piecewise(-1 < x and x < 2, x^2, undefined)

 (3)
> 

EP(%); #OK

[0]

 (4)
> 

piecewise(-1 <= x and x <= 2, x, undefined);

piecewise(-1 <= x and x <= 2, x, undefined)

 (5)
> 

EP(%); # expected [1,2]

[2]

 (6)
> 

piecewise(x<1, undefined, x<=2, x*sin(1/x), undefined);

piecewise(x < 1, undefined, x <= 2, x*sin(1/x), undefined)

 (7)
> 

EP(%, 1..2); # expected [1,2]

[]

 (8)
> 

EP(x*sin(1/x), 1..2); # OK

[1, 2]

 (9)
> 

piecewise(x<0, undefined, x=0, 0,  x<=1, x*sin(1/x), undefined);

piecewise(x < 0, undefined, x = 0, 0, x <= 1, x*sin(1/x), undefined)

 (10)
> 

EP(%); # expected [1]

[]

 (11)
> 

piecewise(x<-1, undefined, x<0, x*sin(1/x), x=0, 0, undefined);

piecewise(x < -1, undefined, x < 0, x*sin(1/x), x = 0, 0, undefined)

 (12)
> 

EP(%); # expected [-1]

[]

 (13)
> 

 

 

Bug...

vv 13050
September 19 2023
2 1

It is a bug. For solve too.

Both commands work if V is given as a set, or is omitted.
So, use:
PolynomialSystem(F, {V[]});  or  PolynomialSystem(F, {V[]}, explicit); 
or PolynomialSystem(F);

answer...

vv 13050
September 19 2023
0 3
> 

restart
> 

variables := [t, x, y, z]; MyPsi := proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; psi(t, x, y, z) end proc; zeta_0 := proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_0(t, x, y, z) end proc; zeta_1 := proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_1(t, x, y, z) end proc; zeta_2 := proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_2(t, x, y, z) end proc; zeta_3 := proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_3(t, x, y, z) end proc

[t, x, y, z]

  

proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; psi(t, x, y, z) end proc

  

proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_0(t, x, y, z) end proc

  

proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_1(t, x, y, z) end proc

  

proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_2(t, x, y, z) end proc

  

proc (t, x, y, z) options operator, arrow; Zeta_3(t, x, y, z) end proc

 (1)
> 

dzeta_0_dt := diff(zeta_0(t, x, y, z), t); dzeta_1_dt := diff(zeta_1(t, x, y, z), t); dzeta_2_dt := diff(zeta_2(t, x, y, z), t); dzeta_3_dt := diff(zeta_3(t, x, y, z), t); dzeta_0_dx := diff(zeta_0(t, x, y, z), x); dzeta_1_dx := diff(zeta_1(t, x, y, z), x); dzeta_2_dx := diff(zeta_2(t, x, y, z), x); dzeta_3_dx := diff(zeta_3(t, x, y, z), x); dzeta_0_dy := diff(zeta_0(t, x, y, z), y); dzeta_1_dy := diff(zeta_1(t, x, y, z), y); dzeta_2_dy := diff(zeta_2(t, x, y, z), y); dzeta_3_dy := diff(zeta_3(t, x, y, z), y); dzeta_0_dz := diff(zeta_0(t, x, y, z), z); dzeta_1_dz := diff(zeta_1(t, x, y, z), z); dzeta_2_dz := diff(zeta_2(t, x, y, z), z); dzeta_3_dz := diff(zeta_3(t, x, y, z), z)

diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), t)

  

diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), t)

  

diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), t)

  

diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), t)

  

diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), x)

  

diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), x)

  

diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), x)

  

diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), x)

  

diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), y)

  

diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), y)

  

diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), y)

  

diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), y)

  

diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), z)

  

diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), z)

  

diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), z)

  

diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), z)

 (2)
> 

eq1 := dzeta_0_dt = MyPsi(t, x, y, z); eq2 := -A^2*dzeta_1_dt+dzeta_0_dx = 0; eq3 := -B^2*dzeta_0_dy+dzeta_0_dy = 0; eq4 := -C^2*dzeta_3_dt+dzeta_0_dz = 0; eq5 := dzeta_1_dx+(diff(A, t))*zeta_0/A = MyPsi(t, x, y, z); eq6 := A^2*dzeta_1_dy+B^2*dzeta_2_dx = 0; eq7 := A^2*dzeta_1_dz+C^2*dzeta_3_dx = 0; eq8 := dzeta_2_dy+(diff(B, t))*zeta_0/B = MyPsi; eq9 := B^2*dzeta_2_dz+C^2*dzeta_3_dy = 0; eq10 := dzeta_3_dz+(diff(C, t))*zeta_0/C = MyPsi(t, x, y, z)

diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), t) = psi(t, x, y, z)

  

-A^2*(diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), t))+diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), x) = 0

  

-B^2*(diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), y))+diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), y) = 0

  

-C^2*(diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), t))+diff(Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), z) = 0

  

diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), x) = psi(t, x, y, z)

  

A^2*(diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), y))+B^2*(diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), x)) = 0

  

A^2*(diff(Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), z))+C^2*(diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), x)) = 0

  

diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), y) = MyPsi

  

B^2*(diff(Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), z))+C^2*(diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), y)) = 0

  

diff(Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), z) = psi(t, x, y, z)

 (3)
> 

dependent_variables := [Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), A(t), B(t), C(t), psi(t, x, y, z)]; independent_variables := [t, x, y, z]

[Zeta_0(t, x, y, z), Zeta_1(t, x, y, z), Zeta_2(t, x, y, z), Zeta_3(t, x, y, z), A(t), B(t), C(t), psi(t, x, y, z)]

  

[t, x, y, z]

 (4)
> 

solutions := pdsolve({eq1, eq10, eq2, eq3, eq4, eq5, eq6, eq7, eq8, eq9}, dependent_variables);

{Zeta_0(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*_C1*t^2+(1/2)*(2*_C2*x+2*_C3*z+2*_C4)*t+(1/2)*(A^2*x^2+C^2*z^2)*_C1+A^2*_C10*x+C^2*_C6*z+_C12, Zeta_1(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*((_C2*x^2+(2*_C1*t+2*_C3*z+2*_C4)*x+2*_C10*t+2*_C11)*A^2+(-C^2*z^2+t^2)*_C2-2*C^2*_C7*z-2*B^2*_C9*y)/A^2, Zeta_2(t, x, y, z) = MyPsi*y-C^2*_C5*z/B^2+_C9*x+_F2(t), Zeta_3(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*((_C3*z^2+(2*_C1*t+2*_C2*x+2*_C4)*z+2*_C5*y+2*_C6*t+2*_C7*x+2*_C8)*C^2+(-A^2*x^2+t^2)*_C3)/C^2, psi(t, x, y, z) = _C1*t+_C2*x+_C3*z+_C4}

 (5)
> 

for i to nops(solutions) do print(solutions[i]) end do

Zeta_0(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*_C1*t^2+(1/2)*(2*_C2*x+2*_C3*z+2*_C4)*t+(1/2)*(A^2*x^2+C^2*z^2)*_C1+A^2*_C10*x+C^2*_C6*z+_C12

  

Zeta_1(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*((_C2*x^2+(2*_C1*t+2*_C3*z+2*_C4)*x+2*_C10*t+2*_C11)*A^2+(-C^2*z^2+t^2)*_C2-2*C^2*_C7*z-2*B^2*_C9*y)/A^2

  

Zeta_2(t, x, y, z) = MyPsi*y-C^2*_C5*z/B^2+_C9*x+_F2(t)

  

Zeta_3(t, x, y, z) = (1/2)*((_C3*z^2+(2*_C1*t+2*_C2*x+2*_C4)*z+2*_C5*y+2*_C6*t+2*_C7*x+2*_C8)*C^2+(-A^2*x^2+t^2)*_C3)/C^2

  

psi(t, x, y, z) = _C1*t+_C2*x+_C3*z+_C4

 (6)

NULL

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