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If the solve command does not find any solutions, then if the second argument is a name or set of names, then the empty sequence (NULL) is returned; if the second argument is a list, then the empty list is returned. This means that there are no solutions, or the solve command cannot find the solutions. In the second case, a warning is issued, and the global variable_SolutionsMayBeLost is set to true.

 Let us consider 

solve({x > -Pi, (tan(x)-tan(x)^2)^2-cos(x+4*tan(x)) = -1, x < Pi}, [x]);
                               []

We see the command omits the solution x=0 without any warning. It should be noticed that Mathematica solves it, outputting

{{x -> 0}, {x -> 0}}

and the warning

Solve::incs: Warning: Solve was unable to prove that the solution set found is complete.

One may draw a conclusion on her/his own.

 


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