Preben Alsholm

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20 years, 250 days

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These are replies submitted by Preben Alsholm

@Bendesarts You wrote:

"Don't hesitate to let me know if you have new ideas for troubleshooting my issue of "drift" for the solution of this NL oscillator but in MapleSim."
(my emphasis)

I don't have MapleSim.

@shahid You forgot theta(x,y)=x^(1/5)*(1+x)^(-1/5)*h(x,y) it seems. I added it to S below.

restart;
eq1:=u(x,y)*(diff(u(x,y), x))+v(x,y)*(diff(u(x,y), y)) = (diff(u(x,y), y, y))/(1+epsilon*theta(x,y))-epsilon*(diff(u(x,y), y))*(diff(theta(x,y), y))/(1+epsilon*theta(x,y))^2+theta(x,y);

eq2:=u(x,y)*(diff(theta(x,y), x))+v(x,y)*(diff(theta(x,y), y)) = (diff(theta(x,y), y, y))/Pr;

S:={ psi(x,y) = x^(4/5)*f(x,eta)/(1+x)^(1/20), eta = y/(x^(1/5)*(1+x)^(1/20)), u(x,y) = diff(psi(x,y), y), v(x,y) = -(diff(psi(x,y), x)),theta(x,y)=x^(1/5)*(1+x)^(-1/5)*h(x,y)};

eval[recurse]([eq1,eq2],S);
collect((lhs-rhs)~(%)=~0,[D,diff],factor);
res:=subs(y/(x^(1/5)*(1+x)^(1/20))=eta,%);

##To make it more readable you can continue with:
PDEtools:-declare(f(x,eta),h(x,y));
convert(res,diff);





@Bendesarts Did you try to run your code in Maple itself, not only in MapleSim?

Clearly, we don't know (or rather I don't) whether there is actually a limit cycle. But at least it appears (or appeared) so.
You have an autonomous system of 8 odes of first order. If a given orbit stays bounded, the limit set may be quite complicated, just think of the Lorenz system of only 3 odes.
Even for a system of just 2 odes (where the possibilities for the limit set are well known) it may be difficult to determine numerically whether you have a limit cycle or just a very, very slow oscillating approach to an equilibrium point.

You may want to change the name of that attached file.

@shahid You should present your equations or expressions using Maple code as you did in your original question.

@Athar Shahabinejad You ought to tell us what it is you are running now, when you say

"Now when i run i get this answer ... "

The problem seems to be that I had the following maple.ini file, which solved some other problem. This fix was supplied by Edgardo ChebTerrab (and acer), but that I used it I cannot blame on them.

__fixplus:=module() option package; export `+`; end module:

`print/+`:=eval(:-`+`):

with(__fixplus):

macro(__fixplus:-`+`=:-`+`):

The Lobatto procedure supplied by Carl works as written without this redefinition of `+`.
All my examples above work.

@Carl Love Please see correction below.

You are quite right. In my opinion this is a bug.
It seems that D doesn't like expressions containing indeterminates of type `+`  (!)

I have often and for many years been disappointed with D as I had thought that it would at least be able to do the work that diff could, but I quickly learned that that is far from the case.
This may be due to a misunderstanding on my side of the purpose of D, but if so, the limitations ought to be stated clearly in the help page. The help page contains an example:

f := (x,y) -> exp(x*y);
D[1](f);
# That example would break, by just adding a 1:
f := (x,y) -> exp(x*y)+1;


More examples:

restart;
f:=x->x^2*sin(x);
D(f); #OK
D(f)(Pi/2); #OK
(D@@2)(f); #OK
(D@@2)(f)(Pi/2); #OK
##
f:=x->x^2+sin(x); #A sum
indets(f(x),`+`);
D(f); #No evaluation
D(f)(Pi/2); #No evaluation
evalf(%); #Numerical result OK
evalf((D@@2)(f)(Pi/2)); #No evaluation
##
f:=x->x^2-1;
D(f); #No evaluation
D(f)(2); #No evaluation
evalf(%); #OK
evalf((D@@2)(f)(2)); ##No evaluation
##
f:=x->2^(x+1);
indets(f(x),`+`);
D(f); #No evaluation
D(f)(-1); #No evaluation
evalf(%); #OK
evalf((D@@2)(f)(-1)); ##No evaluation

I shall submit an SCR although it must be well known.

## An additional weird thing:
restart;
f:=x->x^2*sin(x); #My first example
D(f); #OK
(D@@2)(f); #OK
D(f); #OK. The result is a sum, so maybe the next ought not work:
D(%); #But it does! But now try:
f1:=x->2*x*sin(x)+x^2*cos(x);
D(f1); #No evaluation
D(x->2*x*sin(x)+x^2*cos(x)); #No evaluation



@Carl Love I tried your Lobatto procedure in your worksheet on the example you have. I got



NOTE: This result was due to a redefinition of `+` I had in a maple.ini file. That redefinition was supposed to solve some other problem. That redefinition apparently spoils D.

Changing the procedure to the following helped. I wonder why it worked for you? I used Maple 2015.2.

Lobatto:= proc(f::algebraic, R::name=range(realcons), n::{posint, Not(identical(1))})
local x, a, b, P,DP,F,oldDigits,r;
     x:= lhs(R);
     (a,b):= op(evalf(op(2, R)));
     P:= unapply(diff((x^2-1)^(n-1)/2^(n-1)/(n-1)!,x$(n-1)),x); ##The important part
     DP:= D(P)(x);
     oldDigits:= Digits;
     Digits:= Digits+1+ilog2(Digits)+iroot(n,3)^2;
     F:= unapply(eval((b-a)*f, x= (b-a)/2*x + (a+b)/2)/P(x)^2/n/(n-1), x);
     r:= (b-a)*(eval(f, x= a)+eval(f, x= b))/n/(n-1) + add(F(x), x= [fsolve(DP)]);
     evalf[oldDigits](r)
end proc:


@shadi1386 Do it numerically:

restart;
eq:=(19.42795980*(1+z))/x(z)-(14.09324088*(1+z))*(eval(diff(x(z), z), z = 0))/(x(z)*x(0))-19.42795980*(1.+z)^(3/2)+14.09324088*(diff(x(z), z))/(x(z)*(1/(1+z)^(3/2))^(5/3))-19.42795980-19.42795980*z+19.42795980*sqrt(.314*(1+z)^3+.686)=0;
ode:=subs(x(0)=x0,eval(diff(x(z), z), z = 0)=x1,eq);
eval(ode,z=0);
eq0:=eval(%,{x(0)=x0,eval(diff(x(z), z), z = 0)=x1});
x11:=solve(eq0,{x1});
ode1:=eval(ode,x11);
res:=dsolve({ode1,x(0)=2},numeric);
plots:-odeplot(res,[z,x(z)],-0.8..3);
res:=dsolve({ode1,x(0)=1},numeric);
plots:-odeplot(res,[z,x(z)],-0.8..3);


@Mac Dude I get from the exact lines I had in Maple 2015.2:



But I realize that I deleted your use of the Physics package as it looked completely horrible (no exaggeration) in the 1D notation you supplied in your worksheet.

##Note: I just tried this:

restart;
with(Physics[Vectors]):
Setup(mathematicalnotation=true);
E:=-2*P1*A[Q1]+A[0]^2+A[Q1]^2-2*A[0]*rho*P2/(rho+Q1)+A[Q3]^2-2*P3*A[Q3]+P1^2+rho^2*P2^2/(rho+Q1)^2+P3^2+m^2*c^4;
mtaylor(E,[A[Q1]=P1,A[0]=P2*rho/(rho+Q1),A[Q3]=P3],6);
Student:-Precalculus:-CompleteSquare(E,[A[0],A[Q1],A[Q3]]);

and the result is the same. So I don't know what is going on at your end,



@Markiyan Hirnyk When you "'manipulate" an equality or inequality by using manipulators as e.g. map, subsop, evalindets, or subs, you are the one responsible for the correctness. The manipulators will just do the manipulation you asked for.

Trivial example:
eq:=a+b=c;
evalindets(eq,name,sin);


@Bendesarts What I see in your MapleSim plot is a curve approaching the limit cycle, which seems to be there.
Try repeating the run with the the same initial values at 0, but showing only the curve for t=8..tmax.
I don't have MapleSim, so I cannot try myself, but in Maple I did try the 3d plot:
plots:-odeplot(res,[u[1](t),v[1](t),u[2](t)],8..100, refine=1,scaling = constrained);

where I (rather arbitrarily) used u[2](t) as the third variable.


Incidentally, you can optionally use method=ck45 in dsolve, if you wish. Also relerr and abserr can be given as 1e-5 as in your MapleSim image. That doesn't change the appearance of the picture I show above.

@Bendesarts The movement should (very nearly) be periodic with the period of the limit cycle. The period of the limit cycle could be determined like this (this for your last example):

res:=dsolve([sys[],ic[]],numeric, range=0..8,output=listprocedure);
U1:=subs(res,u[1](t));
u1_8:=U1(8);
plot(U1,7..8);
fsolve(U1-u1_8,[8-0.6]);
T:=8-%;
# I get 0.558282997

I don't see any point in using dsolve all the way to t=300 since you can just use the periodicity obtained rather early (here before t=8). Of course there is roundoff, but what about your actual robot? Is that ideal?

Maybe I don't understand your problem?

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