## Conditional expectation and filtration...

Hi all

We denote the collecction of sets determined by the first k coin tosses $F_k$

Suppose the imitial stock price is $S_0$ ,with up and down facter being $u$ and $d$.

Up : S1(H)=u S0 and S1(T)=d S0

S_{N+1}= alpha S_N

where alpha =u or d

Let the probability of each $H$ and $T$ be $p$ and $q=1-p$ and   $F_t$ the sigma-lgebra generated by the coin tosses up to (and inchudling) time t:

After three coin tosses.

Can we propose a code computing the element of the filtration F1 and F3 and sigma(S3) (the sigma algebra generated by S3).

For example by hand we have F1={ emptyset, Omega, AH, AT}

Where AH={ w: w1=H}

AT={w: w1=T}

Can we compute

$E[ S_2|F_3] \text { and } E[ S_2|\sigma(S_3) ]$

$E[ \frac{S_2}{S_1} | F_1] \text { and } E[ \frac{S_2}{S_1} | \sigma(S_1) ]$

restart;
with(Finance);
S := [7.9, 7.5, 7.1, 6.5, 5., 3.7, 3.3, 2.95, 2.8];
[7.9, 7.5, 7.1, 6.5, 5., 3.7, 3.3, 2.95, 2.8]
T := BinomialTree(3, S, .3);
TreePlot(T, thickness = 2, axes = BOXED, gridlines = true);

many thanks

## Unable to get DE functions to start at zero...

Hello all,

I'm trying to do kinetic modeling of sequential dissociations with DE. I'm hitting a snag when modeling the third dissociation. The population should start at zero at t=0, but some of my model functions are non-zero at t=0. Is there anyway to fix this to force the funtions to go through zero?

Scheme:
PPPP -> intermediates -> PPP -> intermediates -> PP -> intermediates -> P
(where P is a subunit and intermediates are confirmational changes before dissociation of a subunit)

a'..d' is the first dissociation
e' is the second dissociation
f'..l' is the third dissociation
Fits are evaluated by the residual sum of squares.

sol := dsolve([a' = -k1*a(x), b' = k1*a(x)-k1*b(x), c' = k1*b(x)-k1*c(x), d' = k1*c(x)-k1*d(x),
e' = k1*d(x)-k2*e(x),
f' = k2*e(x)-k3*f(x), g' = k3*f(x)-k3*g(x), h' = k3*g(x)-k3*h(x), i' = k3*h(x)-k3*i(x), j' = k3*i(x)-k3*j(x), k' = k3*j(x)-k3*k(x), l' = k3*k(x)-k3*l(x),
a(0) = 1, b(0) = 0, c(0) = 0, d(0) = 0, e(0) = 0, f(0) = 0, g(0) = 0, h(0) = 0, i(0) = 0, j(0) = 0, k(0) = 0, l(0) = 0],
{a(x), b(x), c(x), d(x), e(x), f(x), g(x), h(x), i(x), j(x), k(x), l(x)}, method = laplace);

f1 := sol[6];
f1 := rhs(f1);
g1 := sol[7];
g1 := rhs(g1);
h1 := sol[8];
h1 := rhs(h1);
i1 := sol[9];
i1 := rhs(i1);
j1 := sol[10];
j1 := rhs(j1);
kk := sol[11];
kk := rhs(kk);
l1 := sol[12];
l1 := rhs(l1);

xdata := Vector([0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130,140,150,160,170,180,200,210,220,230,240,250,260,270,280,290,300,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,380,390,400], datatype = float);
ydata := Vector([0.0034,0.00392,0.00184,0.00782,0.01873,0.03683,0.11016,0.09838,0.18402,0.24727,0.20901,0.2972,0.37635,0.49235,0.57845,0.4457,0.50285,0.5672,0.62783,0.57264,0.54918,0.44792,0.49795,0.55218,0.47512,0.46473,0.37989,0.32236,0.3323,0.20894,0.28473,0.21273,0.19855,0.13548,0.12725,0.13277,0.0784,0.07969,0.06162,0.03855], datatype = float);

k1 := 0.391491454107626e-1;
k2 := 0.222503562261129e-1;

z1:=f1;
z2:=f1+g1;
z3:=f1+g1+h1;
z4:=f1+g1+h1+i1;
z5:=f1+g1+h1+i1+j1;
z6:=f1+g1+h1+i1+j1+kk;
z7:=f1+g1+h1+i1+j1+kk+l1;

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z1,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z1,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z2,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z2,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z3,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z3,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z4,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z4,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z5,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z5,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z6,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z6,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

Statistics[NonlinearFit](z7,xdata, ydata, x, initialvalues = [k3=0.1], output = [parametervalues, residualsumofsquares]);
A:=plot(xdata, ydata, style=point, symbol=solidcircle, color=blue, symbolsize=12,labels = ["time (minutes)", "Relative Abundance"], labeldirections = [horizontal, vertical]):
F:=Statistics[NonlinearFit](z7,xdata, ydata, x,initialvalues = [k3=0.1]):
B:=plot(F, x=xdata[1]..xdata[-1], color=red):
plots[display](A, B);

3rd_diss.mw

## Solution of the boundary value problem for ODE usi...

Example of Duffing equation with boundary conditions.
y'' + 0.2y' + y^3 - 0.3cos(s) = 0;
y(0) = y (2Pi);
y'(0) = y'(2Pi);
For convenience, we replace the original equation with a system of two first order equations:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
x1'(t) = 2*Pi*x2(t);
x2'(t) = - 0.4*Pi*x2(t) - 2*Pi*x1(t)^3 +0.6*Pi*cos(2*Pi*t);
x1(0) = x1(1);
x2(0) = x2(1);
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
I have long wanted to apply an optimization package to solve a boundary value problem for ODE. The decision helped procedure for solving ODE, written by forum member vv.
It seems to me that two solutions have been found and that the solutions are weakly sensitive to the initial approximations. These are two closed trajectories. For example, these are points that belong to these solutions:
(0.5966963,  1.0482816) , ( - 0.3132584, 0.0664941).
I am wondering: are the solutions right, and how justified is the use of optimization methods for such tasks?
At the end of the program, the solution is checked on the original Duffing equation using standard Maple functions.   Duffing_equation_BC.mw

(In the figures, the trajectory bypass occurs three times.)

## Maple hangs when computer is locked during workshe...

If worksheet execution was started and computer is locked before execution ends, Maple will stop responding and all work is lost. Execution of whole worksheet takes very long time, sometimes over 3 hours, so "do not lock computer during execution" is not solving the problem.

## efficient coding for procedure...

What are the most efficient way to write and evaluate a procedure in maple? Thank you.

## Symbolic x and y in an equation - How do I retain...

I have made a document to give the results for a problem in table form and graph form.

The tables work out well. The graph results also come out well when I have that section alone in the document. But it does not give the updated curve here. Please correct me where I made mistake.

 Cost in $: Present Value: Interest in % per year: Period in years: Additional Months  Principal$ Interest % per year Year Present value at the year end

UpdateExpr procedure does not update equation, instead turns out a value on LHS

 Cost: Interest % per year (float)

Startup Code Region contains all the codes.

Thanks.

## How can we prevent Maple/MaplePlayer to auto-exit...

Hello every one,

My slideshow now contains a lot of animation sequences and take
a very long time to load and a large amount of physical memory (>20GB).

To reduce this size I have decided to convert these animations to GIF format.
Unfortunatly Maple/MaplePayer do not play GIF animations.

I decide to put URLs (image icons pointing to GIF files) in the document.
Now the GIF are play by a WEB browser (program to operate in fullscreen
mode to minimize any disturbance in the audience with IE11).

Now the issue:
Using F11 to start the Slideshow, cliking the URL start the browser with the requested
animated GIF, that is fine, but now Maple/MaplePayer both auto-exit fullscreen
mode just after that click. The speaker (me) now need to manage the return to
fullscreen (F11) at the current slide while
thinking about what i have to
say next.

Is there any trick to prevent auto-exit from fulls-screen mode in this situation?

LL

## Babylonian square root calculation...- proc binomi...

Des suggestions de solutions? Merci.

A) a) Écrire une procédure qui produit une itération du calcul babylonien de la racine carrée d'un nombre positif k à partir     d'une première approximation x0 .

Entrée: k , x0 .

Sortie:  x1 = (x0+ k/x0)/2 .

b) En utilisant la procédure trouvée en a), en écrire une autre, qui prend en entrée un entier positif n en plus des entiers k   et x0 vus en a) et qui retourne en sortie n itérations du calcul babylonien de la racine carée de k.

B)

Écrire une procédure récursive Maple qui prend en entrée deux nombres n et k et qui utilise l'identité (n k) = (n -1k)+(n-1 k-1) pour retourner en sortie le coefficient binomial (n k) , cette procédure ne doit pas utiliser la commande Maple binomial.

Suggestions for solutions? Thank you.

A) a) Write a procedure that produces an iteration of the Babylonian calculus of the square root of a positive number k from a     first approximation x0.

Input: k, x0.

Output: x1 = (x0 + k / x0) / 2.

b) Using the procedure found in a), write another one, which takes as input a positive integer n in addition to the integers k and   x0 seen in a) and which returns in exit n iterations of the Babylonian calculation of the square root of k.

B) Write a Maple recursive procedure that takes as input two numbers n and k and uses the identity (n k) = (n-1 k)+ (n-1 k-1) to   return the binomial coefficient (n k), this procedure should not use the binomial Maple command.

## wavelet and fractional differential equations...

Hi , how we can read the fractional differential equations in maple with out solving . I means just read and determine which is the order of fractional differential equations.

thanks

## "colorscheme" with "scaletorange" ?...

Hello everyone!

In previous versions of Maple (e.g. Maple 2016) it used to be possible to use scaletorange and colorscheme options together as in:

densityplot(sin(x+y), x = -1 .. 1, y = -1 .. 1, colorscheme = [black, red, yellow, white], scaletorange = -.5 .. .5);

But Maple 2018 returns an error:

Error, (in plots/densityplot) the scaletorange option cannot be used with the colorscheme option

Why is that and can one work around this error in any simple way?

## Printing slides...

Hello there,

I have created a MAPLE document in a slideshow format.

Is there a way to print a copy of my presentation with header and footer included and in a format that fits on letter format paper or pdf.

LL

## Numerical solution of PDE in three independent var...

I understand that Maple 2018 is now able to solve 3 independent variable PDE & BC problems in bounded domains through separation of variables by product and eigenfunction expansion.

My solution domain is (x,y,t), (i.e three independent variables) but I would like to need to use numerical integration.  Are there plans to make numerical integration for PDEs with three independent availables, and if so when is that facility likely to be available?

Melvin

## integration by parts...

How I can perform integration by parts, with respect to the x[0..1],y[0..1],t

 >
 >
 >
 >
 >

## 3 little annoying things ....

1)  Copy/paste problem .

Looks like Maple is not able to copy/paste the output
from a summation command . Look at my example .
I have to use the  " lprint " command .
2)   Mysterious small box character .

Suppose I want to edit a command . I want to replace a character with a left bracket
(or right bracket or left accolade but strangely not the right accolade).
I put the cursor on the character and type the left bracket (or right...) .
The left bracket ( or right ...)  is inserted . Now when I try to delete the character,
a small box appear . The  character I am trying to delete is shifting to the right .
Like  I said , just a little annoying .

3)  Open file problem .

The first file I open in Maple with the  ctrl-o command , the "open file window" appears in
the center of the screen . All the others files I am opening , the "open file window"  show up
in the bottom left corner , top center or top right corner ... randomly .
Very annoying on a 27" screen . For this last one ,I am not shure  if it is a Maple 2018 problem
or a Windows 10 64 bits problem . I have few programs in my computer .
When I use Microsoft Paint or Wordpad ,I don't see this problem .

I don't know if somebody else can confirm those annoying things . If I am not the only one
then I am hoping the next updates or versions will fix that .

Thanks !

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