When you try to differentiate a Maple expression with respect to one of the constituents (of expression) which is not simple atomic symbol, Maple could not perform operation, e.g. > diff( sin(x(t)), x(t)); Error, invalid input: diff received x(t), which is not valid for its 2nd argument . One solution to handle this problem is described in book (Maple book Chap.12)of Walter Ganz (Walter Ganz). In his trick structured symbol is temporarily replaced (via substitution) with a local variable, differentiation is performed with respect to local variable and finally local variable is replaced with original structured symbol.

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